Chaucer and Milton on Light
Books I and I of Paradise Lost have taken readers from the lake of fire in the depths of Hell to Satan's flight through Chaos toward Creation. At the end of Book II, the narrative ends with Milton's narrator describing Satan flying more confidently through the gentler air around Paradise toward his attempted seduction of God's new-created creatures, Adam and Eve. At this point, the narrative changes locations to Heaven, where God and the Son discuss the fate of humanity and the ultimate outcome of Satan's plot. To inaugurate this shift from Hell to Heaven, Milton begins with a praise of "Holy Light," which combines a meditation on the power of light to instruct and restore, and on his own blindness which has left him seeking to serve God though deprived of the ordinary light with which he might do so. At such a moment, Milton turns for a literary model in English to Chaucer's Troilus for the parallel structural and functional precedent, the Proem "O blisful light" (III.1-49).
Milton, Paradise Lost, III.1-55 | Chaucer, Troilus, III.1-49 |
Hail
holy light, ofspring
of
Heav'n first-born,
|
O blisful light of whiche the bemes clere Adorneth al the thridde hevene faire! O sonnes lief, O Ioves doughter dere, Plesaunce of love, O goodly debonaire, In gentil hertes ay redy to repaire! O verray cause of hele and of gladnesse, Y-heried be thy might and thy goodnesse! In hevene and helle, in erthe and salte see Is felt thy might, if that I wel descerne; As man, brid, best, fish, herbe and grene tree Thee fele in tymes with vapour eterne. God loveth, and to love wol nought werne; And in this world no lyves creature, With-outen love, is worth, or may endure. Ye Ioves first to thilke effectes glade, Thorugh which that thinges liven alle and be, Comeveden, and amorous him made On mortal thing, and as yow list, ay ye Yeve him in love ese or adversitee; And in a thousand formes doun him sente For love in erthe, and whom yow liste, he hente. Ye fierse Mars apeysen of his ire, And, as yow list, ye maken hertes digne; Algates, hem that ye wol sette a-fyre, They dreden shame, and vices they resigne; Ye do hem corteys be, fresshe and benigne, And hye or lowe, after a wight entendeth; The Ioyes that he hath, your might him sendeth. Ye holden regne and hous in unitee; Ye soothfast cause of frendship been also; Ye knowe al thilke covered qualitee Of thinges which that folk on wondren so, Whan they can not construe how it may io, She loveth him, or why he loveth here; As why this fish, and nought that, comth to were. Ye folk a lawe han set in universe, And this knowe I by hem that loveres be, That who-so stryveth with yow hath the werse: Now, lady bright, for thy benignitee, At reverence of hem that serven thee, Whos clerk I am, so techeth me devyse Som Ioye of that is felt in thy servyse. Ye in my naked herte sentement Inhelde, and do me shewe of thy swetnesse. -- Caliope, thy vois be now present, For now is nede; sestow not my destresse, How I mot telle anon-right the gladnesse Of Troilus, to Venus heryinge? To which gladnes, who nede hath, god him bringe! |